Concepts: Explain the fundamental principles of OOP: classes as blueprints and objects as instances of those blueprints. Introduce constructors for initializing new objects.

What is OOP?
OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. Object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and methods.

Advantages of OOP

OOP is faster and easier to execute
OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
OOP makes applications code reusable 

Classes and Objects

Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-oriented programming.

Code example:

// The blueprint (class)
class Dog {
   String name;
   int age;

// Constructor
public Dog(String name, int age) {
   this.name = name;
   this.age = age;
}

// A method
void bark() {
   System.out.println(“Woof!”);
   }
}

// Creating and using the object
public class MyPet {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Dog myDog = new Dog(“Buddy”, 5);
      System.out.println(myDog.name + ” is ” + myDog.age + ” years old.”);
      myDog.bark();
   }
}

Quiz: Distinguish between a class and an object and understand the purpose of a constructor.